Land-based learning
provides classroom alternative for First Nations families
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Grade 12 student Isabella
Zeller-Calihoo learns how to scrape a hide from artist MJ
Belcourt, as part of her studies in the new school year. (Scott
Neufeld/CBC)
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Just before her regular school year started, 18-year-old Isabella
Zeller-Calahoo spent a day in late August learning to scrape a moose
hide in her auntie's backyard in Edmonton.
"It's amazing, but [my] arms, oh me!" Zeller-Calahoo said. "They're
weak right now, but they'll be tough when I get older; they'll be
bigger."
The full-day process is a workout. It's also a lesson in biology,
chemistry and art.
As her auntie explained, once the fur is scraped off the hide,
the next steps for tanning involve softening the hide with brains
and colouring it with smoke. And as her mother explained, every
animal has exactly enough brain material to cover an entire hide.
An oil in the brain called lecithin softens the skin into a workable
leather.
This is part of Zeller-Calahoo's school curriculum for the year.
She's taking online classes at Strathcona High School in Edmonton,
but during the day most of her studies will focus on land-based
learning through an apprenticeship with her auntie, artist MJ Belcourt,
whose family is also from the Michel Band in northern Alberta.
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Parents and First Nations
schools are turning to education options like medicine picking
and getting out on the land as outdoor options for schooling
amid COVID-19. 2:02
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"I'm grateful that I had a chance to learn it, and I want to teach
others who have that same desire," Belcourt said. It's meaningful
for her to share generations of traditional skills like hide-scraping
or porcupine quillwork.
National data on how many students are participating in land-based
education projects this year doesn't exist. But educators say the
programs have become increasingly popular since the COVID-19 pandemic
began, with thousands of K-12 and college students in Alberta and
British Columbia alone set to take part this school year.
Increased interest amid COVID-19
Indigenous organizations are looking at outdoor learning programs
as well.
This summer, Bent Arrow Traditional Healing Society, an Edmonton-based
organization that offers programs to support Indigenous families,
started offering new courses to teach youth Indigenous survival
skills on the land.
In the last week of August, Bent Arrow asked parents on Facebook
if they were sending their kids back to class. More than half of
the people who responded said they were keeping them at home, while
most students in Edmonton Public Schools will be going back to class.
Zeller-Calahoo's mother, Jodi Calahoo-Stonehouse, said other parents
have asked her about teaching their children Indigenous land-based
skills.
"If we think about the smallpox pandemic, it wasn't that long ago
in our history," Calahoo-Stonehouse said, referring to diseases
that have taken a heavy toll on Indigenous people to explain why
some families are especially nervous about sending their children
back to the classroom.
"We know it's really, really important to pay attention to what
experts are saying to pay attention to our elder stories,"
she said. "The elders are telling us that when the leaves fall,
it's time for us to bunker down and to stay safe."
Schools turn to land-based teachings during pandemic
Several First Nations schools in B.C. are expanding land-based
learning this year because of COVID-19, according to Clayton Grice,
president of the First Nations Schools Association of British Columbia
and principal at the Tl'etinqox School, an elementary school in
the Chilcotin District about 100 kilometres west of Williams Lake,
B.C.
"More people are going out camping and fishing and getting back
to the land, and we want to continue that as we plan for our reopening,"
Grice said.
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Students at Tl'etinqox
School in British Columbia learn to fish by dipnetting, left,
and start a fire with a flint and steel. The elementary school
is in the Chilcotin District, about 100 kilometres west of
Williams Lake, B.C. (Submitted by Clayton Grice)
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One school plans to build a pit-house, a traditional lodge built
by nomadic people, on school grounds. Another school plans to take
students on a two-day trip out on their territory, he said.
Grice said the Tl'etinqox chief has specifically encouraged his
school to do more land-based learning since the pandemic began.
Students will be building a smokehouse and learning traditional
hunting techniques like trapping and tracking this year.
He emphasized that the land is also a natural place for students
to learn languages from elders.
"They might refer to the snares of the animals by that traditional
name instead of the English name," Grice said. "It's an opportunity
for us as school staff to say, 'OK, we're going to specifically
target certain language goals in conjunction with this land-based
activity.'"
'It's like a grandpa teaching his grandchildren'
Assembly of First Nations National Chief Perry Bellegarde said
many parents are reviewing their school options this year, and land-based
education is a good alternative.
"When you have the right instructors on getting back to the land,
the knowledge-keepers have a lot to share and teach our children,"
Bellegarde said.
"People think you can only learn math and science according to
a textbook not necessarily."
Indigenous families who choose to pursue land-based education have
another option outside of the classroom, he said.
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Elder Tom Snow teaches
medicine picking and on-the-land skills with Bent Arrow Traditional
Healing Society in Edmonton. (Peter Evans/CBC)
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Elder Tom Snow, who teaches medicine picking and on-the-land survival
skills to youth in Edmonton, said it allows students to gain a greater
appreciation for the environment and the history of their own people.
And it's fulfilling for him to pass on those lessons.
"It's like a grandpa teaching his grandchildren," he said. "There's
a feeling of elation when they're really into it."
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