FARMINGTON,
N.M. - "Ya'at eeh," George Werito says, greeting thousands
of radio listeners across the Navajo reservation in their native language,
Diné.
He has callers on the line, waiting. People
want to tell him about road conditions, chapter meetings and church
functions.
If you tell him your bit of news, he will
report it, but in a fun way. He throws in trivia and games.
Werito, a radio personality at KNDN AM
radio in Farmington, is considered the Jay Leno of the Navajo Nation,
according to some of his listeners.
The news does not have Leno's national
appeal: lost turtles, funeral announcements and pow wow updates.
However, when Werito speaks, his audience listens.
And the Navajo language needs the peoples'
attention more than ever, according to those trying to preserve
it.
About half of the Navajo reservation's
population speaks Diné, but the language is changing with
its people.
In some ways, the changes are good - a
broadening vocabulary, for instance. In other ways - fewer people
are learning the vocabulary -- the changes are bad.
KNDN radio, one of three Navajo language
radio stations in the Southwest, serves listeners across the Navajo
reservation, which spreads across three states: New Mexico, Arizona
and Utah.
KNDN has roughly 100,000 listeners on
any given week. The listeners, for the most part, are among the
more than 330,000 Navajo that live in and around the Navajo Nation.
Since KNDN became a full-time Navajo language
station in 1978, fans have tuned in, some without a break, to hear
the news of the reservation.
"They don't wait," Werito said,
noting that he goes on air at 6 a.m. daily and immediately is flooded
with calls. "A lot of our people listen. It's where they get
their news."
He announces coal allotments, hay and
corn distributions, ceremonial events, school board meetings and
items lost and found.
While other media report on Navajo news,
it is often in English, which some elders do not speak, and it appeals
to a different audience. No Navajo-language television shows exist,
nor newspapers, though some do use the language fleetingly in their
coverage.
KNDN also has small luxuries that most
English-speaking media do not have.
The station, for example, has a separate
room where it allows people to come in as guests and make death
and funeral announcements over the radio so that the radio hosts
do not have to participate. If the hosts did participate, they later
would have to go through special ceremonies since death is such
a taboo topic.
"The station's always included things
that are unusual," said Kerwin Gober, who manages KNDN and
two other area radio stations.
One time, a man was admitted to the hospital
without any indication of his identity, except for an eagle tattoo
on his shoulder.
The hospital called the radio station,
asking if the station would notify its audience of the patient and
his tattoo in hopes of perhaps finding his family.
The very same day, the family called in
and was connected with the patient. "We're probably the only
form of communication some of them have," Werito said.
Granted, most Navajo have better access
to various forms of communication than they used to. Cell phones,
computers and other technologies are more available with the slow
build-up of infrastructure on the reservation.
But even if the information they get from
other media is about the Navajo people, it still is not in the people's
native language.
Betsy
Cook recalls that, only 20 years ago, when she taught at a community
school in Rock Point, Ariz., the majority of her students fluently
spoke and practiced Diné at home.
Rock Point, a tiny community on the reservation,
is not the same today.
While the schools are teaching the native
language, they are teaching students who never before learned it.
"The loss in just 25 years has just
been horrendous," said Cook, who now is on the board of the
Navajo Language Renaissance, a nonprofit group working to preserve
and promote Diné.
Cook was just one of a handful of people
who in 2004 kick started the effort to make a Navajo edition of
Rosetta Stone, a language learning computer program.
The program was released in 2010, though
the group does not want to stop there because it only provides two
beginning levels.
"It's a very descriptive language,"
Cook said, noting that the pictures were vital for the program because
there are multiple ways to say one word. A word can change its meaning
depending on how it's used in a sentence.
"You can't just say it,'" Cook
said, noting that the language is tonal. "There're 16 different
words for it.'"
To explain the tones, the relationships
and the uses of words in just a two-level program does not suffice,
Cook said.
The group is ready for levels three, four,
and five, especially since many schools are turning to the Rosetta
Stone program to help students learn the language.
The majority of the students interested
in Navajo, unsurprisingly, are Navajo, both young and old.
"I grew up with it, but I didn't
study it," said Elton Benally, 35, who is taking a beginner's
Navajo language course at San Juan College in Farmington, the reservation's
largest border town.
Though not on the reservation, Farmington
has the highest number of Navajo speakers in the country, with about
16.5 percent speaking it, according to the American Community Survey
of 2007.
"I didn't feel like getting made
fun of by my grandma anymore," Benally said. "My grandma
laughs at me."
The language originally was not a written
one, though American militants and missionaries began to write it
down in the late 1700s.
While the future of the Diné language
is hardly clear, it is a survivor among the nation's American Indian
languages.
In Diné, you can talk about sports,
politics, technology, a range of topics that other endangered languages
would struggle to express.
Still, there are times when English is
necessary, usually for very specific topics - such as medicine.
Often, in such cases, the words are too complicated to make it worth
finding a new word.
Other times, English isn't necessary,
but, for whatever reason, it's easier.
"Our language is very important,"
Werito said. "We should keep it going."
Saying it, though, is easier than doing
it. With more and more youth slipping away from fluency, it likely
will be a harder and harder language to maintain.
"My grandchildren, I'm sorry to say,
I talk to them in English," said Werito, so known for his Diné
voice. "The way I see it, it starts at home."
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