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(Many Paths)
An Online Newsletter Celebrating Native America
 
 
 
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Watching the Navajo Language Develop in a Modern Culture
 
 
by Jenny Kane, The Daily Times
FARMINGTON, N.M. - "Ya'at eeh," George Werito says, greeting thousands of radio listeners across the Navajo reservation in their native language, Diné.

He has callers on the line, waiting. People want to tell him about road conditions, chapter meetings and church functions.

If you tell him your bit of news, he will report it, but in a fun way. He throws in trivia and games.

Werito, a radio personality at KNDN AM radio in Farmington, is considered the Jay Leno of the Navajo Nation, according to some of his listeners.

The news does not have Leno's national appeal: lost turtles, funeral announcements and pow wow updates. However, when Werito speaks, his audience listens.

And the Navajo language needs the peoples' attention more than ever, according to those trying to preserve it.

About half of the Navajo reservation's population speaks Diné, but the language is changing with its people.

In some ways, the changes are good - a broadening vocabulary, for instance. In other ways - fewer people are learning the vocabulary -- the changes are bad.

KNDN radio, one of three Navajo language radio stations in the Southwest, serves listeners across the Navajo reservation, which spreads across three states: New Mexico, Arizona and Utah.

KNDN has roughly 100,000 listeners on any given week. The listeners, for the most part, are among the more than 330,000 Navajo that live in and around the Navajo Nation.

Since KNDN became a full-time Navajo language station in 1978, fans have tuned in, some without a break, to hear the news of the reservation.

"They don't wait," Werito said, noting that he goes on air at 6 a.m. daily and immediately is flooded with calls. "A lot of our people listen. It's where they get their news."

He announces coal allotments, hay and corn distributions, ceremonial events, school board meetings and items lost and found.

While other media report on Navajo news, it is often in English, which some elders do not speak, and it appeals to a different audience. No Navajo-language television shows exist, nor newspapers, though some do use the language fleetingly in their coverage.

KNDN also has small luxuries that most English-speaking media do not have.

The station, for example, has a separate room where it allows people to come in as guests and make death and funeral announcements over the radio so that the radio hosts do not have to participate. If the hosts did participate, they later would have to go through special ceremonies since death is such a taboo topic.

"The station's always included things that are unusual," said Kerwin Gober, who manages KNDN and two other area radio stations.

One time, a man was admitted to the hospital without any indication of his identity, except for an eagle tattoo on his shoulder.

The hospital called the radio station, asking if the station would notify its audience of the patient and his tattoo in hopes of perhaps finding his family.

The very same day, the family called in and was connected with the patient. "We're probably the only form of communication some of them have," Werito said.

Granted, most Navajo have better access to various forms of communication than they used to. Cell phones, computers and other technologies are more available with the slow build-up of infrastructure on the reservation.

But even if the information they get from other media is about the Navajo people, it still is not in the people's native language.

Betsy Cook recalls that, only 20 years ago, when she taught at a community school in Rock Point, Ariz., the majority of her students fluently spoke and practiced Diné at home.

Rock Point, a tiny community on the reservation, is not the same today.

While the schools are teaching the native language, they are teaching students who never before learned it.

"The loss in just 25 years has just been horrendous," said Cook, who now is on the board of the Navajo Language Renaissance, a nonprofit group working to preserve and promote Diné.

Cook was just one of a handful of people who in 2004 kick started the effort to make a Navajo edition of Rosetta Stone, a language learning computer program.

The program was released in 2010, though the group does not want to stop there because it only provides two beginning levels.

"It's a very descriptive language," Cook said, noting that the pictures were vital for the program because there are multiple ways to say one word. A word can change its meaning depending on how it's used in a sentence.

"You can't just say it,'" Cook said, noting that the language is tonal. "There're 16 different words for it.'"

To explain the tones, the relationships and the uses of words in just a two-level program does not suffice, Cook said.

The group is ready for levels three, four, and five, especially since many schools are turning to the Rosetta Stone program to help students learn the language.

The majority of the students interested in Navajo, unsurprisingly, are Navajo, both young and old.

"I grew up with it, but I didn't study it," said Elton Benally, 35, who is taking a beginner's Navajo language course at San Juan College in Farmington, the reservation's largest border town.

Though not on the reservation, Farmington has the highest number of Navajo speakers in the country, with about 16.5 percent speaking it, according to the American Community Survey of 2007.

"I didn't feel like getting made fun of by my grandma anymore," Benally said. "My grandma laughs at me."

The language originally was not a written one, though American militants and missionaries began to write it down in the late 1700s.

While the future of the Diné language is hardly clear, it is a survivor among the nation's American Indian languages.

In Diné, you can talk about sports, politics, technology, a range of topics that other endangered languages would struggle to express.

Still, there are times when English is necessary, usually for very specific topics - such as medicine. Often, in such cases, the words are too complicated to make it worth finding a new word.

Other times, English isn't necessary, but, for whatever reason, it's easier.

"Our language is very important," Werito said. "We should keep it going."

Saying it, though, is easier than doing it. With more and more youth slipping away from fluency, it likely will be a harder and harder language to maintain.

"My grandchildren, I'm sorry to say, I talk to them in English," said Werito, so known for his Diné voice. "The way I see it, it starts at home."

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