July
26, 1824:
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Seminole Principal Chief Neamathla (also
called Eneah Emathla) has managed to avoid removing his people
from Florida to the west. Florida Governor William Duval has
become convinced that Neamathla is planning another uprising.
The Governor officially removes Neamathla from his position
as Chief.
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July
27, 1757:
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Ottawa warriors, and a few French soldiers
attack a group of twenty-two barges commanded by British Lieutenant
Colonel John Parker on Lake George in New York. The British
forces have 160 men killed, and almost 150 men captured. Only
two of the barges escape the fighting.
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July
28, 1872:
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Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie and twelve
officers and 272 enlisted men begin an extended patrol of
the area surrounding the Texas Panhandle. They include twenty
Tonkawa scouts. They are looking for renegade Indians. One
of their engagements is called the "Battle of the North
Fork of the Red River." It happens on September 29, 1872.
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Many
Ojibwe eventually migrated westward and southward along river
systems confronting the Dakota (Sioux) in bitter battles.
They exchanged furs for firearms and other European implements.
Many French fur traders married into and adopted Ojibwe culture.
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July
29, 1837:
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Henry Dodge, representing the United States,
and the Chippewa Indians sign a treaty (7 Stat., 536.) at
St. Peters, Wisconsin. The Chippewas trade large land holdings
for $9,500 immediately, $19,000 worth of supplies, and a release
from their debts.
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July
30, 1609:
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Samuel de Champlain, two Frenchmen, and
sixty Algonquin and Huron Indians, attack 200 Mohawks near
Ticonderoga, in New York. Champlain has some firearms, and
they prove devastating. The Mohawks quit the battle. Some
sources list this event on July 9th.
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July
31, 1763:
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Captain James Dalyell, and 280 soldiers
attack Pontiac's village at 2:30 am this morning. Pontiac
is informed of Dalyell's plans, so he sets up an ambush at
the Parent's Creek bridge with 400 Indians. When Dalyell's
troops approach the bridge, the Indians attack. Twenty soldiers,
including Dalyell, and seven Indians are killed in the fighting.
The creek, near Detroit, is now called Bloody Run. Major Robert
Rogers helps Dalyell's survivors to escape.
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This
map shows Shawnee Indian towns in Ohio. 1660-1833
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August
1, 1739:
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Several Shawnee Chiefs sign a peace treaty with British
Pennsylvania authorities not to become allies with any other
country. The British agree to enforce previous treaties banning
the sale of rum to the Indians.
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August
2, 1792:
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Mohegan Samson Occom dies in New Stockbridge,
New York. A protégé of Rev. Eleazar Wheelock,
Occom learns numerous foreign languages, become an ordained
minister, be the first Indian to preach in England, minister
to many Indian tribes, and be instrumental in the establishment
of Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.
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August
3, 1761:
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According to some records, a conference
regarding land questions and the return of prisoners is held
for the next ten days between representatives of the British
in Pennsylvania and the Cayuga, Conoy, Delaware, Mahican,
Nanticoke, Oneida and Onondaga Indians.
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The Creek Indians, descendants of the prehistoric
Temple Mound Builders, constructed their homes in a traditional
style before coming into contact with Europeans. The packed
mud walls insulated inhabitants from outside temperature extremes.
Each village consisted of the circular-shaped ceremonial lodge
(built with clay walls and a cone-shaped bark roof) and pole-framed
rectangular houses grouped in clusters of four. Wood was used
to build a framework only, until the Europeans came and began
building log cabins. The Creek house shown above (1791) is
made with logs placed horizontally in the European style.
The specifics of the architecture indicate the degree of influence
the Europeans had upon the lives of these southeastern Indians.
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August
4, 1813:
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500 warriors of the White Stick faction
of the Creeks gather in Coweta, across the river in Alabama
from modern Columbus Georgia. With 200 Cherokee warriors,
they make plans to attack a band of Red Stick Creeks, followers
of Tecumseh, over 2,500 strong. The White Sticks are led by
Tustunnuggee Thlucco and Tustunnuggee Hopoie.
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August
5, 1570:
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A Spanish colony expedition in sailing
up the Chesapeake in Virginia, when they reach the area they
will call Axaca somewhere near the Rappahannock. The local
Indians will force the Spanish to abandon the effort.
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August
6, 1840:
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Hundreds of Comanches, led by Buffalo Hump,
surround, and attack Victoria, Texas. In the next two days,
fifteen settlers are killed in the fighting. The Comanches
take several hundred head of livestock.
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August
7, 1670:
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Apache or Navajos attack the ancient Zuni
Pueblo of Hawikuh. They burn the church, and kill the resident
missionary.
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August
8, 1699:
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The Tohome Indians live along the Gulf
Coast in Alabama and Mississippi. In Biloxi, they formally
establish peaceful relations with the French.
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